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Identification of COPD patients who may benefit from rehabilitation
Assess physical de-conditioning, symptoms of depression and poor quality of life
Exercise training, nutritional and psychosocial counselling, behavioural change, occupational therapy and progressive relaxation techniques in selected patients with lung cancer
Participate in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) with other specialists in the specific field
Patient/family communication – advantages of participating in rehabilitation programmes
Effects of smoking on the health of the individual in relation to lung and other diseases. Beneficial effects of smoking cessation for preventing lung and other diseases
Smoking cessation therapy (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) in groups and individuals
Tobacco risk factors and epidemiology
Current epidemiology of active and passive smoking worldwide and nationally
Pathogenic mechanisms of lung cancer associated with tobacco
Nicotine addiction and withdrawal symptoms
Plan smoking cessation for an individual patient
Refer patients to a tobacco cessation specialist
Communicate the effects of tobacco consumption to patients and their families in a clear and understandable manner
Encourage and support individuals to quit smoking
Discourage passive smoking
Specific risk and management of vaping (E-cigarettes), Vaping-induced lung injury
Indications for NIV in patients with acute COPD exacerbation, chronic respiratory failure in COPD and acute severe asthma
Appropriate time and location (ward, intensive care unit (ICU), etc.) to start NIV
Risks and benefits of NIV to the patient
Identify situations where NIV is contraindicated or expected to be unsuccessful
Alternative treatment modalities
Communicate the limitations of NIV to the patient
Side effects and complications of NIV
Select appropriate medications to support NIV tolerance without compromising the respiratory status of the patient
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Functional principle of CPAP
Role and function of CPAP in hypoxemic respiratory failure due to other causes
Select the correct CPAP/expiratory positive airway pressure settings to treat functional upper airway collapse and hypoxaemia/hypercapnia when indicated
Choice and application of the appropriate interface
Monitor results following a change in settings
Willingness to explain CPAP to the patient and to illustrate which responses can potentially be achieved with this treatment
Withdrawal of NIV
If, when and how NIV can be withdrawn after successful treatment
Monitoring/follow-up process in these patients
Rationale to switch patients to chronic/continuous NIV
Circumstances that permit step-down to CPAP or oxygen therapy
Plan to guide withdrawal from NIV
Follow-up plan to promptly detect relapses requiring NIV
Patient communication (discuss the patient approach and instruct him/her how follow-up should occur)
National and international guidelines for treatment of ARF
Evaluation, performance, interpretation and reporting of BGA, O2 saturation, transcutaneous CO2 measurement, chest X-ray (imaging) and lung/chest wall mechanics
Hypoxemic respiratory failure including acute respiratory distress syndrome
Causes of hypoxemic ARF
Definition and classification of acute respiratory disease syndrome
Ventilator- and tube-associated complications
Ventilator-induced lung injury and intubation-associated pneumonia
Protective MV
Identification and management of hypoxemic ARF
Indications for NIV in patients with hypoxemic ARF
Risk assessment and management of NIV failure and indications for intubation
Intubation and invasive MV
Acute and chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure
Causes of respiratory failure
Principles of interpretation of BGA
National and international guidelines for treatment of acute and chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure
Indications for additional O2 treatment
Indications for long-term (home) MV
Management of patients with prolonged weaning
Non-invasive MV
Care for patients that are highly dependent on MV, e.g. those with a tracheostomy
Gastroesophageal reflux (asthma, IPF, chronic cough and other) and gastrointestinal management in ARF (ICU or intermediate care and non-invasive or invasive ventilation)
Pathophysiology; our understanding is evolving at present as it can be seen as a vascular problem as well leading to cardiocerebrovascular complications.
Clinical presentation, natural history, sequelae
Investigations
Treatment; evolving and there are also controversial elements
Vaccine development
Personal protection for healthcare workers
How COVID-19 as affected all aspects of healthcare; precautions that need to be taken when dealing with suspected and confirmed cases
Psychosocial, psychiatric, financial, travel implications (not to be emphasised too much in our syllabus but important to recognise them)
Medical and technological innovations resulting from the pandemic; avenue for research, development, publications
Official ERS documents on airways diseases
Access the catalogue of ERS guidelines, statements and technical standards relating to airways diseases.
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